After one of the most chaotic and least productive U.S. House sessions in modern history, voters made a surprising choice in elections — they overwhelmingly stuck with the status quo. Republicans will hold onto a thin majority in the House. Democrat Shomari Figures win in Alabama’s new District 2 in the state’s black belt, and a new minority majority seat in Louisiana may help keep the balance of power tighter.
The chamber's exact partisan divide is still coming into focus as votes are tallied in a handful of remaining races, the results of 435 House races nationwide produced hardly any change to the makeup of the chamber. In fact, the election results so far have ended in a stalemate. Republicans and Democrats have each flipped seven seats. Just eight incumbents nationwide have lost their races.
The results show just how entrenched the political dynamics have become in a legislative chamber that is meant to closely reflect the will of the people. Neither Donald Trump's sweep of swing states nor a record of two years marked by infighting among GOP House members seemed to weigh much on House election results. Instead, the contest for control of the chamber boiled down to just a couple dozen politically divided districts and fewer truly close races even as House candidates nationwide spent a combined $1.5 billion, according to Open Secrets, which tracks political spending.
House Democratic Leader Hakeem Jeffries called it "bitterly disappointing" to see his party's bid to retake the House fall short by just a few seats. But he also made sure to note, "Notwithstanding the adverse political environment that happened with a Trump wave sweeping every single battleground state in America, Democrats will actually have increased the number of seats in the new Congress."
Still, that hasn't stopped Republican leaders from taking a victory lap and talking of a mandate to implement a conservative agenda.
"On Election Day, Americans sent a clear message to reject the consequences of Democratic control," said Rep. Richard Hudson, the chair of the GOP's House campaign committee, adding, "That's why voters delivered House Republicans a majority and sent Donald Trump to the White House in a landslide."
Johnson's party held onto the majority largely thanks to two seats the party flipped in Pennsylvania, as well as three more that were redistricted by the GOP-controlled North Carolina General Assembly to favor their party.
Democrats, meanwhile, did best in New York — Jeffries' home state — where they flipped three seats. They also picked up two redistricted seats, in Louisiana and Alabama, that were ordered by courts to ensure fair representation for Black voters.
But as the congressional map becomes clear after the latest redistricting cycle following the 2020 census, some democracy advocates are concerned about the small number of House districts that are in play.
While Republicans for years won more congressional seats than expected through gerrymandered districts, Democrats have battled back by shaping districts to their advantage and essentially evened out the playing field.
"The consequences are that the people's House barely reflects the will of the people. Voters have very little possibility to shift the balance of power in the House even when their moods change," said David Peters, who has written about gerrymandering and is a senior fellow at FairVote, an organization that advocates for voting reforms.
FairVote estimates that 85% of House seats are now safe for one party — the highest percentage it has tracked in two decades. Political polarization also plays a role in that trend, and Peters said it has resulted in a dynamic where House members are less likely to work across the aisle and are more worried about facing a primary opponent who criticizes them for not being partisan enough.
Several of the incumbents who lost reelection, such as Democratic Rep. Yadira Caraveo of Colorado or Republican Rep. Marc Molinaro of New York, were some of the most willing to work on bipartisan legislation.
But now that Republicans hold the House, Senate and White House, there is little talk of working with Democrats. Instead, they hope to use a special budget process to implement partisan legislation aimed at extending tax breaks, bolstering immigration enforcement at the southern border and dismantling federal regulations.
To do that, they will also have to overcome the infighting that has hampered them the last two years — and cracks are already showing in their unity.
In an internal vote this week, Johnson received his party's nomination to remain speaker when the new Congress starts Jan. 3. But lawmakers are still haggling over whether to keep in place rules that allowed a small group of conservatives to trigger the ouster of Johnson's predecessor, former Speaker Kevin McCarthy.
With a razor-thin majority, almost any Republican can block legislation from moving forward, as the conservative bloc has done periodically.
"As usual, it's going to be very difficult for Congress to get anything done," said Rob Speel, a political science professor at Penn State Behrend.
